{"id":1850,"date":"2019-07-31T18:56:11","date_gmt":"2019-07-31T18:56:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/?p=1850"},"modified":"2019-07-31T19:25:16","modified_gmt":"2019-07-31T19:25:16","slug":"world-day-against-human-trafficking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/2019\/07\/31\/world-day-against-human-trafficking\/","title":{"rendered":"World Day Against Human Trafficking"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Human\ntrafficking is not just sexual slavery but also for the purpose of forced\nlabour, forced marriage \/ child marriage, Organ smuggling, surrogacy Human\ntrafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. Human trafficking\nis a crime against the person because of the violation of the victim’s rights\nof movement through coercion and because of their commercial exploitation.\nHuman trafficking is the trade in people, especially women and children, and\ndoes not necessarily involve the movement of the person from one place to\nanother. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

According\nto the International Labour\nOrganization<\/a> (ILO), forced\nlabour alone (one component of human trafficking) generates an estimated $150\nbillion in profits per annum as of 2014. In 2012, the ILO estimated that 21\nmillion victims are trapped in modern-day slavery. Of these, 14.2 million (68%)\nwere exploited for labour, 4.5 million (22%) were sexually exploited, and 2.2\nmillion (10%) were exploited in state-imposed forced labour. The International\nLabour Organization has reported that child workers, minorities, and irregular\nmigrants are at considerable risk of more extreme forms of exploitation. Statistics\nshows that over half of the world\u2019s 215 million young workers are observed to\nbe in hazardous sectors, including forced sex work and forced street begging.\nEthnic minorities and highly marginalized groups of people are highly estimated\nto work in some of the most exploitative and damaging sectors, such as leather\ntanning, mining, and stone quarry work. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Human\ntrafficking has become one of the fastest-growing activities of trans-national\ncriminal organizations in the world. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafficking\nin persons is a serious crime and a grave violation of human rights. Every\nyear, thousands of men, women and children fall into the hands of traffickers.\nAlmost every country in the world is affected by trafficking, whether as a\ncountry of origin, transit or destination for victims. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafficking of children<\/strong> – Traffickers in children may take advantage of the parents’ extreme\npoverty. Parents may sell children to traffickers in order to pay off debts or\ngain income, or they may be deceived concerning the prospects of training and a\nbetter life for their children. They may sell their children into labour, sex\ntrafficking, or illegal adoptions. The adoption process, legal and illegal,\nwhen abused can sometimes result in cases of trafficking of babies and pregnant\nwomen around the world. Commercial sexual exploitation can take many forms,\nincluding forcing a child into prostitution or other forms of sexual activity\nor child pornography. Child exploitation may also involve forced labour or\nservices, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude, the removal of\norgans, illicit international adoption and trafficking for early marriage. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sex trafficking<\/strong> -The International Labour Organisation claims that sex trafficking\naffects 4.5 million people worldwide. Most victims find themselves in coercive\nor abusive situations from which escape is both difficult and dangerous. Sexual\ntrafficking includes coercing a migrant into a sexual act as a condition of\nallowing or arranging the migration. Sexual trafficking uses physical or sexual\ncoercion, deception, abuse of power and bondage incurred through forced debt.\nTrafficked women and children, for instance, are often promised work in the\ndomestic or service industry, but instead are sometimes taken to brothels where\nthey are required to undertake sex work, while their passports and other\nidentification papers are confiscated. They may be beaten or locked up and\nescape is life threatening. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Labour trafficking,<\/strong> a movement of persons for the purpose of forced labour and services.\nIt may involve bonded labour, involuntary servitude, domestic servitude and\nchild labour. Labour trafficking happens most often within the domain of\ndomestic work, agriculture, construction, manufacturing and entertainment, and\nmigrant workers and indigenous people are especially at risk of becoming\nvictims. You can help overcome this by ensuring you only purchase products that\ncomes from reputable farmers and manufacturers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafficking for organ trade<\/strong> – In some cases, the victim is compelled into giving up an organ. In\nother cases, the victim agrees to sell an organ in exchange of money\/goods but\nis not paid (or paid less). Finally, the victim may have the organ removed\nwithout the victim’s knowledge (usually when the victim is treated for another\nmedical problem\/illness \u2013 real or orchestrated problem\/illness). Migrant\nworkers, homeless persons, and illiterate persons are particularly vulnerable\nto this form of exploitation. Trafficking of organs is an organized crime,\ninvolving several offenders: the recruiter, the transporter, the medical staff,\nthe middlemen\/contractors & the buyers. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Commercial demand for sex<\/strong> – Abolitionists who seek an end to sex trafficking explain the\nnature of sex trafficking as an economic supply and demand model. In this\nmodel, male demand for prostitutes leads to a market of sex work, which, in\nturn, fosters sex trafficking, the illegal trade and coercion of people into\nsex work, and pimps and traffickers become ‘distributors’ who supply people to\nbe sexually exploited. The demand for sex trafficking can also be facilitated\nby some pimps’ and traffickers’ desire for women whom they can exploit as\nworkers because they do not require wages, safe working circumstances, and\nagency in choosing customers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

HIV\/AIDS<\/strong> – Sex trafficking\nincreases the risk of contracting HIV \/AIDS. The HIV\/AIDS pandemic can be both\na cause and a consequence of sex trafficking. On one hand, child-prostitutes\nare sought by customers because they are perceived as being less likely to be\nHIV positive, and this demand leads to child sex trafficking. On the other\nhand, trafficking leads to the proliferation of HIV, because victims, being\nvulnerable and often young\/inexperienced, cannot protect themselves properly,\nand get infected. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poverty and globalization<\/strong> – Poverty and lack of educational and economic opportunities in\none’s hometown may lead women to voluntarily migrate and then be involuntarily\ntrafficked into sex work. As globalization opened national borders to greater\nexchange of goods and capital, labour migration also increased. Less wealthy\ncountries have fewer options for liveable wages. The economic impact of\nglobalization pushes people to make conscious decisions to migrate and be\nvulnerable to trafficking. Gender inequalities that hinder women from\nparticipating in the formal sector also push women into informal sectors.  Long waiting lists for organs in the United\nStates and Europe created a thriving international black market. Traffickers\nharvest organs, particularly kidneys, to sell for large profit and often\nwithout properly caring for or compensating the victims. Victims often come\nfrom poor, rural communities and see few other options than to sell organs\nillegally. Wealthy countries’ inability to meet organ demand within their own\nborders perpetuates trafficking. \nGlobalization and the rise of Internet technology has also facilitated\nsex trafficking. Online classified sites and social networks have been under\nintense scrutiny for being used by johns and traffickers in facilitating sex\ntrafficking and sex work in general. Traffickers use explicit sites and\nunderground sites to market, recruit, sell, and exploit women. (Facebook,\nTwitter, and other social networking sites) Studies have identified the\nInternet as the single biggest facilitator of commercial sex trade, although it\nis difficult to ascertain which women advertised are sex trafficking victims.\nTraffickers and pimps use the Internet to recruit minors, since Internet and\nsocial networking sites usage have significantly increased especially among\nchildren. Organized criminals can generate up to several thousand dollars per\nday from one trafficked girl, and the Internet has further increased\nprofitability of sex trafficking and child trafficking. With faster access to a\nwider clientele, more sexual encounters can be scheduled. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Psychological Impact on Victims<\/strong> – The use of coercion by perpetrators and traffickers involves the\nuse of extreme control. Perpetrators expose the victim to high amounts of\npsychological stress induced by threats, fear, and physical and emotional\nviolence. Tactics of coercion are reportedly used in three phases of\ntrafficking: recruitment, initiation, and indoctrination. During the initiation\nphase, traffickers use foot-in-the-door techniques of persuasion to lead their\nvictims into various trafficking industries. This manipulation creates an\nenvironment where the victim becomes completely dependent upon the authority of\nthe trafficker. Traffickers take advantage of family dysfunction, homelessness,\nand history of childhood abuse to psychologically manipulate women and children\ninto the trafficking industry. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

One form\nof psychological coercion particularly common in cases of sex trafficking and\nforced prostitution is Stockholm Syndrome. Many women entering into the sex\ntrafficking industry are minors whom have already experienced prior sexual\nabuse. Traffickers take advantage of young girls by luring them into the\nbusiness through force and coercion, but more often through false promises of\nlove, security, and protection. This form of coercion works to recruit and\ninitiate the victim into the life of a sex worker, while also reinforcing a\n“trauma bind”, also known as Stockholm syndrome. Stockholm syndrome\nis a psychological response where the victim becomes attached to his or her\nperpetrator. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

For those\nenslaved in situations of forced labour, learned helplessness can also manifest\nitself through the trauma of living as a slave. Reports indicate that captivity\nfor the person and financial gain of their owners adds additional psychological\ntrauma. Victims are often cut off from all forms of social connection, as\nisolation allows the perpetrator to destroy the victim’s sense of self and\nincrease his or her dependence on the perpetrator. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Human\ntrafficking victims may experience complex trauma as a result of repeated cases\nof intimate relationship trauma over long periods of time including, but not\nlimited to, sexual abuse, domestic violence, forced prostitution, or gang rape.\nComplex trauma involves multifaceted conditions of depression, anxiety,\nself-hatred, dissociation, substance abuse, self-destructive behaviours,\nmedical and somatic concerns, despair, and revictimization.                      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Victims\nmay develop STDs and HIV\/AIDS. Perpetrators frequently use substance abuse as a\nmeans to control their victims, which leads to compromised health,\nself-destructive behaviour, and long-term physical harm. Victims suffer\ninjuries due to torture, where their bodies are broken and beaten into\nsubmission. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Children\nare especially vulnerable to these developmental and psychological consequences\nof trafficking due to their age. In order to gain complete control of the\nchild, traffickers often destroy physical and mental health of the children\nthrough persistent physical and emotional abuse. Victims experience severe\ntrauma on a daily basis. that devastates the healthy development of\nself-concept, self-worth, biological integrity, and cognitive functioning.\nChildren who grow up in constant environments of exploitation frequently\nexhibit antisocial behaviour, over-sexualized behaviour, self-harm, aggression,\ndistrust of adults, dissociative disorders, substance abuse, complex trauma,\nand attention deficit disorders. Stockholm syndrome is also a common problem\nfor girls while they are trafficked, which can hinder them from both trying to\nescape, and moving forward in psychological recovery programs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although 98% of the sex trade is composed of women and girls there is an effort to gather empirical evidence about the psychological impact of abuse common in sex trafficking upon young boys. Boys often will experience forms of post-traumatic stress disorder, but also additional stressors of social stigma of homosexuality associated with sexual abuse for boys, and externalization of blame, increased anger, and desire for revenge. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Economic Impacts<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Human trafficking is not just sexual slavery but also for the purpose of forced labour, forced marriage \/ child marriage, Organ smuggling, surrogacy Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. Human trafficking is a crime against the person because of the violation of the victim’s rights of movement through coercion and because of […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1852,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"tpgb_global_settings":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"tpgb_featured_images":{"full":["https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/SSAs.jpg",900,285,false],"tp-image-grid":["https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/SSAs.jpg",700,222,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/SSAs-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/SSAs-300x95.jpg",300,95,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/SSAs-768x243.jpg",768,243,true],"large":["https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/SSAs.jpg",900,285,false],"default":"https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-content\/plugins\/the-plus-addons-for-block-editor\/assets\/images\/tpgb-placeholder.jpg"},"tpgb_post_meta_info":{"get_date":"July 31, 2019","get_modified_date":"July 31, 2019","category_list":{"category":[{"term_id":19,"name":"News","slug":"news","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":19,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":238,"filter":"raw"}],"post_tag":false,"post_format":false},"author_name":"Hope To Heal","author_url":"https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/author\/hope2233\/","author_email":"webmaster@hopetoheal.org.za","author_website":"","author_description":"Our mission is for women and children to live free from violence and abuse and to provide quality, compassionate, and nonjudgmental services in a manner that fosters self-respect and independence in persons experiencing domestic violence and child abuse and to lead the struggle to end domestic violence through advocacy and community education.","author_facebook":"","author_twitter":"","author_instagram":"","author_role":["administrator"],"author_firstname":"Hope To","author_lastname":"Heal Foundation","user_login":"Hope2233","author_avatar":"","author_avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/00ba9733f71edb9653d7f34fee6719bfc21db4d30ee7e9a8d61ac758d1032f46?s=96&d=mm&r=g","comment_count":0,"post_likes":0,"post_views":0},"tpgb_post_category":{"category":"News<\/a> "},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1850"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1850\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1859,"href":"https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1850\/revisions\/1859"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.hopetoheal.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}